What is an ingrown toenail?
An ingrown toenail occurs when the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, usually at the tip of the nail plate. This can cause redness, pain, and swelling, and in some cases, the toe may become infected.
Why do they form?
Ingrown toenails can develop for a variety of reasons. One common cause is when a sharp edge is left on the nail after trimming, which then grows into the skin. Ingrown toenails can also result from pressure caused by tight shoes or other toes pressing against the skin near the nail. This pressure can push the skin around the nail, leading to irritation and swelling. As the swelling worsens, the nail may become trapped under the skin and become ingrown. In some cases, nails may grow abnormally due to an infection or injury.
How are ingrown nails treated?
Ingrown toenails are typically treated by removing the side of the nail that is growing into the skin. When performed correctly, this procedure usually allows the area to heal quickly, with minimal signs of treatment. In some cases, if the entire nail is involved, the entire toenail may need to be removed. In this case, the skin of the nail bed often forms a protective callus, which can help shield the toe as it heals.
A more permanent solution may involve using a laser to target and destroy the nail cells in the affected area, a procedure known as a matrixectomy. This is done after the removal of the ingrown part of the nail, with the laser applied to the nail matrix (the root area). This procedure may require a longer healing period but is typically well-tolerated by patients.
How long do they take to heal?
A routine nail removal procedure, known as nail avulsion, typically heals within one week. If an infection is present, daily Epsom salt soaks may be recommended to help with drainage and comfort. After the first day, a simple bandage with Neosporin may be applied. Most patients can shower within 24 hours after the procedure. In most cases, antibiotics are not necessary, and the discomfort after the procedure is often mild, with many patients feeling relief once the painful part of the nail has been removed.
For a matrixectomy procedure, healing typically takes about two weeks. During this time, soaking the toe in Epsom salts once or twice daily can help with drainage and healing. A bandage with Neosporin should be applied to keep the area clean and protected. Most people tolerate this procedure well, and it may help prevent future ingrown nails from forming.